Home

About

FAQ

Technologies

Projects

Support

Abstracts

Services

Research

Publications

Contact

A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in. ~ Greek proverb

Back to Eden?

The skies are warming, seas rising, species diversity dwindling...and inevitably earth's climate stifles life!

Weather control....A hypothesis;

The Problem:

For centuries mankind has been concentrating its energy usage and dispersion into conglomerations of increasing size and intensity. These conglomerations are cities. To nature, and evolved natural systems, cities represent non-evolutionary wildfires of near nuclear intensity.

Some scientists posit that each day a modern city, with populations exceeding 1 million, gathers and disperses the same energy of a Hiroshima nuclear bomb. There were more than 300 cites exceeding a million in population in 2005, while over 125 were over 2 million, and many over 10 million.

Just consider about the environmental impacts of more than 100, or even 500 nuclear bombs being exploded every day around our world!

Demographers have forecast that as planetary climate shifts, the number of mega-cities will soon hit the theoretical phase shift which will make these shifts in population irreversible, because subsistence farming will become increasingly unpredictable.

Why is the growth of cities a concern?

Cities are the places where the energy resources, such as oil, gas, and coal, are gathered from around the globe and ignited. Cities are the places where these evolved energy stores are converted into vast quantities of sensible and latent heat. The sensible heat, that is heat as we can sense it, generates effects such as heat islands. While the latent heat, energy that has been converted to matter, in the forms of organic and non-organic waste, and the products of combustion such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide are produced in ever increasing quantities. [For more information see the Gare Hypothesis]

Cities are places where resources delivered by highly inefficient long-range distribution infrastructure, such as pipelines and power transmission lines, diffuse up to 40% of their potential into the distribution path. While this diffusion can be regarded as beneficial, such as water evaporated, much of this diffusion is of unknown consequences, such as the diffusion of electrical energy.

What's so special about cites?

If a million people are distributed in a region they will also consume and disperse vast amounts of waste energy. The problem is that nature has evolved to support even large groups of animals, numbering in the 1000's, such as the roaming herds of antelope in Africa. Yet, the key is roaming, a large stationary herd would quickly overwhelm evolved ability to feed, water, and dispose of waste.

What we describe as city infrastructure, water, sewer and energy distribution systems, have been developed by man to address this problem of vast static populations.

Yet the problem that is yet to be addressed by human infrastructure is the impact of these concentrated energy outlays on both climate and weather!

Weather and climate are emergent phenomena, climate strongly emergent, and weather weakly emergent, resulting from the conflicts between Newtonian gravity, sunlight, liquid water, and gaseous water.

These conflicts have evolved into a complex system that we know as climate. This impasse includes things like the amount of sunlight converted to energy by plants as opposed to the amount being reflected back into the atmosphere or to space. The amount of water stored as liquid on and within the earth and soil, as opposed to the amount held in the atmosphere as gas. And the orientation of winds at various layers of the atmosphere, energized by both gravity and the earth's rotation, regional humidify, lower layer topography and vegetation, as opposed to winds unconstrained or energized by human developments, such as cities, mono-culture agriculture and constructed rights of way such as highways, tunnels, and passes through mountain ranges.

Cities are of particular importance in this equation because the energy dissipated by cites, both sensible and latent, becomes a powerful new and un-evolved factor in both climate and weather generation. The energy dissipation of the city quickly overcomes the areas natural carrying capacity. As cities exceed nature's carrying capacity for things as common as the burial of the dead or disposal of waste, mankind must engineer solutions, which are too often cosmetic and inadequate. The resulting energy spills out into the surrounding environment affecting wind, humidity, air composition, and sunlight absorption or reflection.

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

Deserts and creeping desertification contribute significantly to dangerous planetary weather phenomena...hurricanes, typhoons, and wildfires. Deserts also limit bio-diversity. All over the globe populations are being shifted from farms to cities, as the climate becomes too unpredictable to support small scale farming. Governments are tightening borders, and increasingly suppressing the poor to deal with or prevent overcrowding in cities. Cities are growing exponentially, concentrating energy consumption and ultimately changing the regional or synoptic climates.

A Potential Solution: A fuel-less future

Desert conditions and creeping desertification can be ameliorated by afforestation and artificial evaporation management schemes [AAEMS]. AAEMS can reduce greenhouse gas concentrations, mitigate sea-level rise, and global warming.

Rain desalination : Planetary desalination via induced seawater evaporation

Mankind has the technology and insight to significantly ameliorate and manage the destabilizing impacts deserts, and creeping desertification. The reversal of desertification and afforestation of historical deserts will improve lives of man, beast, flora, and fauna...within a few human generations!

As arctic and mountain glaciers dry, island children sleep in sinking homelands. We choke and starve our poorest citizens with easy market based solutions. Rapid infatuation with bio-fuels created dangerous food shortages, and increased food prices worldwide. Profitable rapid pollution continues, while carbon trading finances easy gradual natural countermeasures.

A dramatic solution is necessary. A dramatic solution that can address global warming. An active solution that can address diminishing bio-diversity. A long-term solution that can mitigate dangerous weather. We must quickly reverse rising sea-levels, while taming thirsty barren deserts.

INdRA [Interior Natural desert Reclamation and Afforestation project] will provide healing rainfall to world! INdRA projects can calm the savage hurricane and cyclonic winds. INdRA science can balance the hydrology of diverse natural and man-made habitats.

We are more than long-term hopeful policies. We have developed a series of environmental consultancies that can make a difference today. Please take a moment to explore our new services section from the menu above.

INdRA projects will give mankind control of the greatest force of mother nature...the climate.

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

It is estimated that nearly 20% of the U.S. economy is directly affected by the weather, and that the profitability and revenues of virtually every industry - agriculture, energy, entertainment, construction, travel and others - depend to a great extent on the vagaries of temperature. In a 1998 testimony to Congress, former commerce secretary William Daley stated, "Weather is not just an environmental issue; it is a major economic factor. At least $1 trillion of our economy is weather-sensitive."

Abstract: Modern Pluviculture?

The INdRA project is a climate control, irrigation, and bio-diversity enhancement scheme. INdRA projects are designed to mitigate the challenges of global warming, and bring greater hydrological balance to the world one region at a time. INdRA projects will bring basic climate control to large regions. [Specifically increases in convectional rain and reductions in cyclonic rain by front balance and air mass conflict mitigation]

"He has let free the two bodies of flowing water, meeting together:"

The Holy Quran

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

The fundamental sciences behind INdRA projects are five-fold.

1. Control regional hydrology to manage wind and rain: Rain falls in areas where cloud level air has become saturated. Saturation results from evaporating water that has risen to the cloud level. INdRA projects include rain farms which can deliver vast amounts of potable water to the troposphere to facilitate productive cloud formation.

Prevailing winds, local hydrology (arid or wet) and temperature determine how much local evaporating water is available for cloud formation. INdRA can provide sufficient evaporation volume. local up-drafting, and regional wind management to effectively generate predictable local precipitation.

2. Harvest sunlight, heat and regional momentum {gravity} to move seawater to inland arid regions.

3. Increase bio-diversity to optimize average regional humidity, by managing regional hydrology. To reclaim bio-marginal desert land for more productive uses such as agriculture and bio-diverse habitats.

4. Fund regional hydrology management by addressing the interests of business and agriculture. Fresh water, salt and carbon each represent strong economic interests that can be tapped to build INdRA projects.

5. Global warming or climate cycles imply the need for reliable hydrology management.: Develop systems that will allow mankind to dominate the winds and the rains for centuries to come.

Balanced regional hydrology can be achieved by manipulation of average rainfall levels. Through the redistribution of water from oceans, floods, lakes, reservoirs and salt marshes to arid and agricultural areas. Water dynamically transited, with renewable power can facilitate dynamic regional control of humidity, effectively managing local humidity and rainfall. There is no water shortage, there are only problems of water logistics.

geo-engineering experts since 2002, Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention , Solar radiation management, geoengineers, Marine Cloud Brightening, ocean acidification, stratospheric sulfate aerosols, Carbon dioxide removal, Greenhouse gas remediation and Carbon sequestration, climate change, runaway global warming, Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, UNFCCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Arctic geoengineering, Carbon negative fuel, Convention on Biological Diversity, Earth systems engineering and management,

The primary idea of the project, is climate control through tactical evaporation of redundant waters, and structured cloud formation via up-draft generation. Water is evaporated and elevated during extended transit in dark wide active misty shallow channels. These channels will be strategically located to facilitate regional climate control. Where existing abandoned or redundant pipelines exist INdRA projects will move water from excessive supplies, such as oceans or flooded plains, to rain farms where water will be prepared and then delivered to the troposphere.

AAs water is evapo-transited over long distances, regional authorities are able to impact targets of 10-25% of regional evaporation. It is estimated that each 300 mile shallow 100 ft wide evaporation channel will generate a 6 3mile rain cloud each day!. Each new cloud impacts the reflective index for that region, resulting in lower average temperatures. Lower average temperatures, change the dew point releasing trapped water back into the ground, as well as generating rainfall. Wider and longer channels, or salt marshes can generate significant regional rains each week.

Dynamic INdRA channels can be activated as necessary. Wide rivers can be turned on or off in hours, marshes and reservoirs can be drained or filled in a matter of days. Cities can use rain to clean the streets, the worlds deserts can become rich agricultural areas within decades, and dangerous weather conditions like hurricanes and tornados can be calmed on a seasonal basis.

The primary challenge of the scheme is power. To move 100 gallons of seawater from the Pacific to the Mohave desert will require 1 Kw hour, not considering horizontal transit. These power requirements can be easily met with renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and gravity..

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

Jim Lovelock, author of The Gaia Theory, : ‘I disagree that geoengineering the climate is a dangerous distraction and I disagree that on no account should it ever be considered. I strongly agree that we now need a "plan B" where a geoengineering strategy is drawn up in parallel with other measures to curb CO2 emissions.’

Professor Kerry Emanuel of MIT : ‘While a geoengineering solution is bound to be less than desirable, the probability of getting global agreement on emissions reductions before it is too late is very small.’”

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

The plan:

The INdRA project proposes a series of RAIN projects comprised of specially designed regional channels, aqueducts, and desalination plants to process and redistribute water as rainfall, from lower to higher interior elevations as needed, using renewable power sources, such as wind, solar, and gravity.

The channels will be bi-directional to distribute seawater and brackish water to evaporation methods, while returning brackish discharge to the oceans. The discharge return channels will also be tapped as a source of power to minimize the energy required to move seawater to elevation.

The channels will be bordered by riparian zones, composed of plant varieties designed to aid the cloud nucleation process, as well as silt aeration methods. Cloud formation will be enhanced via regularly implemented up-drafting appliances. This is a generational project, that will require political capital, real human sacrifice, and above all individual leadership.

The primary R&D for the INdRA project has so far been done by GSE (Gravitational Systems Engineering) and individual projects may include their mechanical cloud seeding devices.

Two type of INdRA RAIN projects are required:

Desert cloud formation: Seawater to desert hydrology : Seawater Elevator:

Transcontinental evaporation controlled channels will move water from sea level over mountains to arid regions despite elevations or topographical limitations. Regional advantages in natural resources such as high winds or substantial sunlight along with roadway energy will be tapped for power, to operate a network of pumping stations, salt pans and desalination plants. To facilitate control of local weather conditions, salt marshes will be established in key areas along the seawater route. As the seawater moves inland it will made increasingly fresh, and will finally be delivered to distant reservoirs for municipal, agricultural irrigation, and recreational uses.

Low clouds (fog) will naturally arise from enhanced evaporation channels. To assist in high or rain cloud formation the evaporation channels will employ various methods.

Channel width and depth will be engineered to simulate evaporation beyond the normal evaporation potential of similar flows. Riparian zones, and seed generation [sand and salt] will stimulate drop nucleation. As well as heat engines [see Minto wheels] and passive and active wind activated methods to facilitate the strong up-drafts necessary for cloud formation, will be implemented.

Tactical redistribution : Flood to farms

As excess water collects in any region served by the network, channels are controlled to facilitate redistribution. Dangerous flooding can be controlled to mitigate infrastructure damage. Planned seasonal redistributions affect regional agricultural schemes to facilitate effective crop selection, with higher quality levels and reduced risks. However, unlike traditional spate irrigation schemes which are often found in Africa and the middle-east, flood waters would be primarily re-directed to re-enter the hydrological cycle of much more distant arid regions via evaporation to rainfall. (please see technologies)

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

The power:

The key element of this global scheme is power. The inter-regional movement of water is a power hungry endeavor. We have undertaken this project because the clean tech power sources necessary for a successful implementation exist. Traditional clean technology power sources such as passive solar, wind and gravity feeds can be cost effectively employed. Our hope is that our 2 core gravity power technologies, the traffic tap which is widely researched around the world, and an exciting new technology, that we are releasing to the general public, the T-dam, will also be jump-started by the INdRA projects world wide.. More about these technologies is described in the technology section of this site,

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

The money:

Current industry averages from bio-remediation firms like EBX, are well established, thanks to Nixon's Clean water act. Costs of approximately $180,000 per hectare for converting an agricultural area into a bio-diverse salt marsh or 100 mile section of a simple evaporation channel. Due to the required dynamic controls for diversion, and the power requirements for pumping, we estimate the actual rate to run 300% - 500%higher. This translates into $6-10 per mile of evaporation channel with dense salt-water riparian zone. While these costs do not include land or right-of-way costs, they provide a good idea of the high returns on investment that INdRA projects provide.

Also we must consider that current industry estimate the value of eco-services to be $1 million USD per hectare of natural marsh land. These eco services include climate management, waste-water redemption, wild fire prevention, flood control and many others. This indicates a payoff of $100,000 per hectare from the initial installation, and $1 million per year thereafter.

A channel and marsh system of 1,000 hectares will cost from $200 - 800 million USD, and bring $9,000,000,000 in eco-services to the region in the first decade. Such a system would generate approximately 1,000 square miles of cloud cover each week, and alone could improve both average regional temperatures and relative humidity. This is established science.

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

....the works of the dreamers and idealists of old, live on, leading and pointing to good. They are the works of visionaries and dreamers, but they are realizations of soul, the representations of the ideal. They are grand, beautiful, and true, and they speak with a voice that echoes through the ages....

Herman Melville

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

I found your website very interesting. It is certainly an ambitious project, with the potential to change the face of the planet, and possibly to improve the lives of billions of people. I am certainly not an expert on the technology you propose to use, but it sounds interesting and may be feasible.

Highly cited biologist ...Name withheld by request

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

This site sponsored by: